What Are Cataracts?

Cataracts are a prevalent eye condition that occurs when the eye’s natural lens becomes cloudy, leading to blurred or distorted vision. This condition often develops gradually and may not cause noticeable vision changes initially. However, as cataracts progress, they can significantly impair daily activities and, if untreated, lead to vision loss.

1. Symptoms of Cataracts

• Blurry or cloudy vision
• Increased sensitivity to light and glare
• Difficulty seeing in low-light conditions
• Faded or dull colors
• Double vision
• Halos around lights
• Frequent prescription changes for glasses or contact lenses

2. Causes and Risk Factors

While cataracts cannot be prevented and aging is the primary cause of cataracts, several factors can increase the likelihood of their development:

• Diabetes
• Smoking
• Previous eye injuries
• Family history of cataracts
• Excessive exposure to UV light
• Prolonged use of certain medications, such as oral steroids

3. Diagnosing Cataracts

A comprehensive eye exam is essential for diagnosing cataracts. Tests may include:

• Medical history review
• Visual acuity and refraction tests
• Slit-lamp examination including eye pressure and retinal exam
• Glare sensitivity testing

4. Managing and Treating Cataracts

Early-Stage Management

In the initial stages, cataracts can be managed with strategies such as updating eyeglass prescriptions, improving lighting, and using magnifying lenses for reading. However, these solutions are temporary, as cataracts will continue to progress.

Cataract Surgery: The Only Effective Treatment

Surgery is the only definitive treatment for cataracts. Cataracts do not recur. The procedure involves removing the clouded natural lens and replacing it with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL). This highly effective outpatient procedure restores clear vision and can also address refractive errors, reducing dependence on glasses.